Which amendment guarantees the right of due process and prohibits illegal search and seizure?

The correct answer is the Fourth Amendment, which specifically addresses the right of individuals to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures. This amendment protects citizens from arbitrary governmental actions and establishes the necessity for law enforcement to have probable cause and, in many cases, a warrant issued by a judge to conduct searches and seizures.

The mention of due process is often associated with the Fifth Amendment, which guarantees that individuals cannot be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. While the Fifth Amendment does touch on the principles of due process, it does not cover the specifics of illegal search and seizure, which is the primary focus of the Fourth Amendment.

The First Amendment deals with freedoms concerning religion, expression, assembly, and the right to petition, but does not address search and seizure or due process. The Sixth Amendment guarantees rights related to criminal prosecutions, such as the right to a fair trial, but it, too, does not include provisions on illegal searches.

In summary, the Fourth Amendment is the amendment that directly guarantees protection against illegal searches and seizures and is fundamental in upholding an individual's right to due process in the context of law enforcement activities.